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Noma L. E. SOLIGNAG.

` STEAM GENERATOR. No. 560,286.

Patented May 19, v1896.

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M. FHUTD'UTHQWASNNETBN D C NITED STATES LOUIS EDMOND SOLIGNAO, OF PARIS,FRANCE.

PATENT OFFICE.

STEAM-G EN ERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,286, dated May 19,1896.

Application led May 2, 1895. Serial No. 547,840. (No model.) Patented inFrance October 18, 1894, No. 242,194.

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Be it known that I, LOUIS EDMOND SOLIG- NAC, of the city of Paris,France, have invented Improvements in Steam-Generators, (for which Ihave obtained Letters Patent in France for fifteen years, dated October18, 1894, No. 241194,) of which the following is a clear and exactdescription.A

This invention relates to steam-generators of the kind in whichhighly-heated water inj ectcd into a heated tube is flashed into steam,the invention consisting more particularly in the combination andarrangement of the various parts, as will be hereinafter described.

In a steam-generator of this kind the length of the lashing-tube shouldbe as restricted as possible; otherwise there would be too great adifference in the evaporative effect at successive parts of the tube,those nearest the jet being bathed in water, while those near the exitevaporate, whereas if the injection be reduced the latter will onlysuperheat. Now the great evaporative power (two hundred kilos per squaremeter) of such steam flashers or generators depends upon the fact thattheir heating-surfaces are not, as in ordinary generators, completelycovered with water, which being a bad conductor of heat impedes thetransmission to the operative surface of the water of the heatreceivedat the heating-surface. The thinner the layer of water between theheating and evaporative surfaces the more rapid will be the evaporation,which reaches its maximum when the heating and evaporative surfaces arecoincident, as in a heated tube into which water is injected. Therefore,when a portion of the tube merely superheats the steam, the surface isbut imperfectly utilized, inasmuch as super-heated steam only absorbsabout one caloric per kilogram, from which itwill be evident that it isof advantage to limit the length of the tube. Vhen, therefore, it isrequired to evaporate a large quantity of Water, a number of suchsteam-flashing tubes should be employed, placed parallel to one another7instead of a single one of greater length. It is known that in ordinarygenerators the elasticity of production depends on the volume of watersuperheated. I have also found that to avoid overheating it is onlyrequisite to inject under pressure Water at the highest possibletemperature, which partly'evaporates, moistens the surface of the tubewith steam, and thus insures the contact of the non-vaporized liquidwith the heated surface.

Figure 1 shows a developed section of a device embodying my invention,the same being a vertical section through the reservoir and pipes and ahorizontal section through the flasher-tubes; and Fig. 2, a verticalsection through the tlashertubes on lines 1 2 of Fig. l.

The generator comprises a series of horizontal tubes a, placed within afurnace and heated directly therefrom. In to the lower end of each tubeprojects a nozzle b, by which water is injected in the form of spray,the nozzles b being supplied by a pump d., which takes the water fromthe boiler e and delivers it under pressure through pipe c, the pumpbeing actuated by a donkey-engine 71 supplied with steam by pipe t' fromthe steam-space of the boiler c, which contains a large supply of waterheated under pressure by the steam generated in the flashing-tubes a,which are connected to the boiler by pipes f, provided with check-valvesg, allowing the steam to enter the lower part of the boiler and pass upthrough the water therein, but preventing the return of Water. j is thesteam-pipe of the boiler. A pipe Zr. connects the boiler e and the pipec for establishing circulation at starting before any steam is availablefor working the donkey-engine, a cock on said pipe being closed when thepump is started.

The advantages of the above-described arrangement are reduction of theheating-sur face required, inasmuch as evaporation is effected byinjection under the most favorable conditions, regard being hadto theshort length of the tubes; avoidance of overheating while using tubes oflarge area to promote the generation of steam and consequently rapidevaporation; elasticity of production notless than in ordinary boilers,the large body of water contained in the boiler c serving as areservoir; freedom from risk of accident as each flashing-tube is madeindependent by its check-valve g, and but a small volume of Water isinjected at a time. As the boiler e IOO need not bc directly heated bythe flames it may be considered to be not a boiler, rbut simply areservoir or steam-chest.

The number and Inode of grouping the flashingtubes may be variedaccording to the quantity of steam to be produced, said tubes beingalways independent either individually or ingroups working in parallelunder similar evaporative conditions.

I claiml. In a steam-generator, the combination of a reservoir,asher-tubes located below the reservoir and leading thereinto, providedwith nozzles at their lower ends and inlet-valves leading into thereservoir interposed between the tubes and the reservoir the said inletvalves being arranged to admit the inflow of steam therethrough into thereservoir and to check the outilow of water therethrough, substantiallyas described.

2. In a steam-generator,a reservoir, flasher-

